Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron did experiments so horrifying he's been called "Scotland's Mengele." Here's why MKUltra's top brainwashing scientist was a nightmare. Ben: As for the CIAs MK-ULTRA program itself, it never had an official end date. Amory: Duncan has a very different picture of his father, a whole bunch of them actually. Heres documentarian Stephen Bennett, whose film Eminent Monsters looks at the real echoes of Camerons work in government interrogation programs today. Although Cameron rejected the Freudian notion of the unconscious, he shared the Freudian idea that personal psychology is linked to the nervous nature. That's absolutely the stuff of a terrifying Netflix horror series, but it was very real and it destroyed an unknown number of lives. Psychiatry would play a disciplinary role. Theres no clear approach to the summit only overgrown pathways. from the University of London in 1925, and an M.D. He demanded that political systems be watched, and that German people needed to be monitored due to their "personality type", which he claimed results in the conditions that give rise to the dictatorial power of an authoritarian overlord. The goal, says CBC, was to reduce the patient to what was called a "childlike state," with some people destroyed so completely that they could no longer walk, talk, or dress themselves Shoelaces? In 1946, Cameron introduced the practice of the day hospital, the first of its kind in North America, permitting patients to remain at home while receiving treatment at the institute during the day, thus avoiding unnecessary hospitalization and allowing the patients to maintain ties with their community and family. v USA, 1988] Tom Beauchamp, a leading American bioethicist was an expert witness for Camerons estate, arguing that Camerons treatment complied with the norm and practice of the day. But we do have his son, Duncan Cameron. Ben: OK. Fair. Amory: We definitely will. He wanted to know if it was possible to wipe a person's mind and reinstall a new personality. And the funeral was yet another opportunity for Marian and her siblings to learn more about the mother who had been absent for so much of their childhoods. David Cameron's grandfather Ewen Donald Cameron (1906-1958) was a City of London figure who became a director at the stock brokerage house Panmure Gordon. Being compared to the Nazi's most notorious doctor probably isn't the life goal of most medical professionals, so let's look at what he did to deserve this dubious title. In this, he hoped to establish a suitable method to reinstate a form of justice in Germany that could prevent its society from recreating the attitudes that led it from the Great War to World War II. The program is widely believed to have been partly funded by the United States Central Intelligence Agency as part of their top-secret MKULTRA program. Ben: Perhapsthis is Dr. Cameron's most enduring legacy. Amory: Duncan struggles dealing with his dads legacy because he cant speak to why his dad did what he did. And these are pictures of him, these are both in the Adirondack Mountains. The second stage involved extreme, high voltage multiple electroshock treatments three times daily. [6] Decades after his own death, the psychic driving technique he developed continued to see extensive use in the torture of prisoners around the world. That was the case for people like Phyllis Goldberg. Cameron viewed German society throughout history as continually giving rise to fearsome aggression. Canada's McGill University has owned up to the part it played in MKUltra's Sub-project 68, and they say that it really started before Dr. Ewen Cameron even got involved. Amory: The study, which was published a few months before Cameron died, found that Camerons methods exposed his patients to unnecessary risk, and that there was no clinical proof his methods were any more effective than standard forms of treatment. I'm sure part of him very much wanted to be the person who cures mental illness. Did it work? So what led the CIA to get onto this fantasy? Ben: Hebb did an interview with a film producer in the 1980s, saying, quote, Cameron was irresponsible criminally stupid. Donald Ewen Cameron was born in Bridge of Allen, a small town in Scotland, on December 24, 1901. Duncan: Oh yes, he enjoyed a good joke even if they were off color. And you can see this manual that's been found all around the world, from hellholes to modern democracies. Ben: The main takeaway here is Duncan admitting that he did remove documents pertaining to specific patients, before giving his dads papers to the archives. So we don't have. Police, hospitals, government, and schools would need to use the correct psychiatric authority to stop mental contagions from spreading. In 1951 a few years before the U.S. government and the CIA approved MKUltra there was a top secret meeting held at Montreal's Ritz-Carlton. Duncan: They got close to the top and James looked around and my father had passed away. These negative statements were sometimes taken from the therapy sessions Cameron conducted when patients first arrived, says Rebecca Lemov, author of "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron." Heres part of Duncans transcript: Duncan (from the transcript): I recall contacting the American Psychiatric Association and asking them if they would have an interest in holding his papers in their archives, and they expressed an interest in doing it. Operating under the umbrella of MKUltra were as many as 162 sub-projects, with as many as 80 different organizations involved in research. Cameron began to abandon the Freudian unconscious in favour of a social constructivist's view of mental illness. I mean his father was a very prominent psychiatrist, so destroying rather than preserving personal papers of someone of that prominence is a very unusual thing, especially for a family member to have done. The work of Dr. Ewen Cameron may have been discredited by mainstream psychiatry, but that doesn't mean it went away completely. Ex-husband of Enid Agnes Maud Watson. There's my father and my mother. In 1926, he served as assistant medical officer there[9] and was introduced to psychiatrist Sir David Henderson, a student of Swiss-born US psychiatrist Adolf Meyer. It's not clear how many patients Dr. Ewen Cameron's treatments destroyed, but some families have come forward with stories of what was done to their loved ones. Not only was Ewen Cameron running the Allan Memorial, but he was leading psychiatric organizations, he was teaching at McGill University, and he was still seeing private patients. Ben: Would you have anything that you would want to say to Dr. Cameron or his family? They had 11 children: Allan Francis Cameron, John Donald Cameron and 9 other children. The lawsuits were dismissed, even though it was later shown . Ewen married Agnes Cameron (born Bell) in 1867, at age 35 at marriage place. Or do you remember any of --. According to "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron,"there was more to his work at the Allan Memorial Institute than just exploring the CIA's questions about brainwashing. It describes various personalities that he believed were of marked danger to all members of society. The personality types are as follows: Cameron believed that a society in which psychiatry built and developed the institutions of government, schools, prisons and hospitals would be one in which science triumphed over the "sick" members of society. You can see other fellow humans. Cameron was born on December 24, 1901, in Scotland and graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. Advancing Voluntary, Informed Consent to Medical Intervention, Cameron was an internationally prominent psychiatrist who developed torture techniques on his involuntary hospitalized patients mostly women. Cameron believed firmly in clinical psychiatry and a strict scientific method. In some cases, the same phrases reappear all through these. father. Duncan: You see, he doesn't have a scowl. Please note . "A number of experiments at McGill University.". Duncan: Well, I think that I would feel sad about that. The paper stated that German culture and its people would have offspring bound to become a threat to world peace in 30 years. Ben: Robert Cleghorn, a former member of Camerons staff, took over after Cameron stepped down. Marian: There was a picture of my mom there and somebody commented, Ugh that's the Johanna that's her name I remember. And my sister looked at him and said, But what was she like? Ben: Duncan Cameron was 10 years old when his dad became the Director of the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal. In 1938 he received his diploma in psychiatry and became professor of neurology, psychiatry at University at . [citation needed][21]. Heads up that some elements (i.e. Amory: Sarah Anne Johnson, whose grandmother Val Orlikow was a patient of Ewen Camerons, has a response to Duncan that, considering what her family has been through as a result of his fathers experimentation, is surprising. He furthered his diagnostic definitions of clinical states such as anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. Therefore, society should function to select out the weak and unwanted, those apt towards fearsome aggression that threatened society. Maybe the people responsible are waiting for all of us to forget. The last generation of Holocaust survivors and their children express their concerns about current events A Five-Part, FDA Advisory Panel & CDC Director are Complicit in Sacrificing Childrens Lives to Protect Pfizer from Liability, Copyright 2023 Alliance for Human Research Protection, 1950s1960s: Dr. Ewen Cameron Destroyed Minds at Allan Memorial Hospital in Montreal, Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases, Vera Sharavs documentary Never Again is Now Global now available. Shes a member of SAAGA, or Survivors Allied Against Government Abuse. Amory: Duncan knows how to be very careful about what he says. And he didn't achieve that either. Ben: Street Mountain is a strange choice for a bucket list. And he always had a little book of science fiction by the bedside. Ben: In photos, the Cameron family seems happy, a candid shot of Ewen Cameron that looks to be from a garden party shows the psychiatrist in a skinny tie and jacket, horn-rimmed glasses and short cropped white hair. She wasn't able to joke and laugh She would blurt out something like: 'We must do the right thing!'" And in that sense, I think his ambition overrode his skills and his ability to do the research. With the results of the Manhattan project, Cameron feared that without proper re-organization of society, atomic weapons could fall into the hands of new, fearsome aggressors. In 1929 he moved to Canada where he worked in the Brandon Mental Hospital in Manitoba as the physician in charge. A possessive type, filled with jealousy and demanding utmost loyalty. With a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, money from John Wilson McConnell of the Montreal Star, and a gift of Sir Hugh Allan's mansion on Mount Royal, the Allan Memorial Institute for psychiatry was founded. While guys like Freud encouraged talking through problems, Cameron thought things like electroshock therapy and drug cocktails could be used to physically change the brain and get rid of the illness in question. . In other words, torture. Allan Cameron. Camerons techniques have no therapeutic validity whatsoever; they were comparable to Nazi medical atrocities. Ben: The manual was all about how to obtain information from quote resistant sources. It went on to become the basis for the Phoenix Program during the Vietnam War. Although society had established sanctions against the spread of infectious diseases, Cameron wanted to extend the concept of contagion to chronic anxiety. His theories of behavior stressed the unity of the organism with the environment; the book also outlined experimental method and research design. He died of a heart attack while climbing a mountain in the Adirondacks in 1967. And we would take off. He did technically, because nothing says "wonders" has to be a good thing. And that kind of explains why, when they were ordered to stop their depatterning and psychic driving of patients, they just sort of didn't. She said that at the time, Cameron was something of a celebrity. And he admits that the papers he removed are now destroyed. There are movies like Gaslight and Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. The described types would have to be eliminated from society if there was to be peace and progress. The psychological experimentation project, known as MK Ultra, was allegedly funded by the Canadian government and the United States Central Intelligence Agency. Marian: It's become so embedded in our narrative, in our pop culture, without people really understanding that it happened It was real. I mean, he was that much of a scientist. The CBC says the CIA recruited Dr. Ewen Cameron a few years into MKUltra, using the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology to approach Cameron and tell him that he really, really needed to apply for one of their grants. We want to hear from you! By that time, information on Cameron's sleep room projects was coming out, and there were all kinds of people who were very quick to distance themselves from it. Harvey: Here he is trying to reach the peak, trying to climb the mountain, reach this goal. Thank you! Today, we're talking to one of the only people who will stand up for Dr. Cameron. And in that he took some risks, obviously. Ben: He looks like hes having a good time. Cameron stated, "Get it understood how dangerous these damaged, sick personalities are to ourselves and above all, to our children, whose traits are taking form and we shall find ways to put an end to them." Duncan: I started work at the State Department just a day or so before Kennedy was assassinated. And Camerons part of that. They had four children; a daughter and three sons. After one test he noted: "Although the patient was prepared by both prolonged sensory isolation (35 days) and by repeated depatterning, and although she received 101 days of positive driving, no favourable results were obtained." Duncan: It's really a very moving editorial. Cameron began to base some of his notions on race, as is seen in his theories regarding the German people. Ben: But, as human experiments at the Allan Memorial Institute, and MK-ULTRAs mind control efforts, fade into history, reduced to references in tv shows and video game plot points, there are troubling examples of these techniques still in use today. The Canadian government also funded the project. [17] Cameron argued that it was necessary for behavioral scientists to act as the social planners of society, and that the United Nations could provide a conduit for implementing his ideas for applying psychiatric elements to global governance and politics. Cameron began his training in psychiatry at the Glasgow Royal Mental Hospital in 1925. Amory: They bounced around between foster homes and orphanages for years, experienced emotional and physical abuse. If I put you through this program, within 24 hours to 48 hours you'll be in a diagnosable psychotic state. Ian Donald Cameron is geboren in het jaar 1932 in Blairmore House, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, zoon van Ewen Donald CAMERON en Enid Agnes Maud LEVITA. Despite the horrific abuse, the American and Canadian psychiatric establishment closed ranks. And it's still hugely controversial: In 2019, The New York Times published drawings done by prisoners who had been subjected to these torture methods at Guantanamo Bay, and it's not for the faint of heart. Those who are privileged to know him, even briefly, will not soon forget the warmth and kindliness of this understanding man.. Under that program, more than 80,000 suspected North Vietnamese sympathizers were interrogated by US forces and their allies. Amory: In spite of Camerons ambition and prestige, he never helped find a cure for mental illness, he never won a Nobel Prize for psychiatry. The victims and their lawyers want us to remember that this story isnt over. Like, did she always have problems? And he said, Oh, gosh. She goes, No. She was the one that was gonna go and conquer the world. Duncan: Thats my recollection, that any documents that related to patients were destroyed. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Cameron continued his work on memory and its relationship to aging. The Guardian talked to Alison Steel, Jean's daughter and one of the many family members trying to shine a light on what was done to their loved ones without their consent. Jim: But again, you know, the deposition transcript, you're going to have to rely on that, like we did. And that seemed to us to be a highly questionable action for someone to take. The FBI's FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. Donald Ewen Cameron ((1901-12-24)24 December 1901 (1967-09-08)8 September 1967)[1] was a Scottish-born psychiatrist. Cameron also wanted to revolutionize the way psychology and psychiatry looked at mental illness. Indian River. The manual got updated in 1980, but the techniques that have come about including things like waterboarding and restraint in a "coffin-like wooden box" still harken back to that original research. Amory: Duncan, one of the two lawyer sons, admits hes familiar with those 12 boxes of papers, and then explains what happened to them. Ben: Her dad couldnt afford childcare, so soon after Marians mother went into the Allan, social services took Marian and her two younger brothers away because there was no parent to take care of them. Agnes was born in 1844, in Richmond Victoria Australia. Duncan: This is at the Lake Placid Club in Lake Placid, New York. Sir Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, 17t. When then-CIA director Stansfield Turner testified about the program in 1977, he said (via the Smithsonian) that the bottom line was to develop "the use of biological and chemical materials in altering human behavior." Through his instruction of nurses and psychiatrists he became an authority in his areas of concentration. We encourage you to research and examine these records . Donald Ewen Cameron (19011967) was born in Scotland in 1901 and graduated from the University of Glasgow in 1924. Any documents that related to patient treatment were destroyed? Heres John Marks again. Patients were tested in the Radio Telemetry Laboratory, which was built under Cameron's direction. She said she received 12 boxes of her husbands papers after he died, but that, quote, If I had these papers, I wouldnt necessarily let you see them. And they are still being asked to by victims and their families, 60 years later. Cameron followed these schools in demanding that mental disturbances are diseases and somatic in nature; all psychological illness would therefore be hardwired, a product of the body and the direct result of a patient's biological structure rather than caused by social environments. "[H]e was born in. His list of credentials was so long it's impossible to list them all, but for starters, his resume included the University of Glasgow and Johns Hopkins, and in the 1930s, he was lauded for setting up a series of psychiatric clinics. ", Why MKUltra's Top Brainwashing Scientist Was A Real-Life Nightmare, "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron. Amory: Just not in the way he might have hoped. During those years, Cameron began to expand on his thoughts about the interrelationships of mind and body, developing a reputation as a psychiatrist who could bridge the gap between the organic, structural neurologists, and the psychiatrists whose knowledge of anatomy was limited to maps of the mind as opposed to maps of the brain. While he didn't name names or give specifics, he did say that papers "related to patients were destroyed.". To prevent this, the West would have to take measures to reorganize German society. He theorized that attitudes and beliefs should reinforce the overall attitudes of the desired society. He commuted from Lake Placid, New York to Montreal every week to work at McGill's Allan Memorial Institute and was paid $69,000 from 1957 to 1964 to carry out MKUltra experiments there, known as the Montreal experiments. In the final installment ofMadness," we sit down with Duncan, and we explore the shocking ways his father's methods are still being used today. Ben: After Marians mom left the Allan, she struggled for the rest of her life to regain her sense of self and mental clarity. Other similar psychiatric diagnoses of Germany were published during this time. According to what his son, Duncan, told WBUR, it was 1967 when he decided to climb Street Mountain in the Adirondacks. The psychiatric community could have questioned his methods, but they remained silent. "[36], Cameron is the subject of Stephen Bennett's film Eminent Monsters (2020), which was funded by BBC Scotland and Creative Scotland. Because it would seem to me, or I was concerned as a lawyer, that it might be a breach of the patient-doctor privilege. "Madness: The Secret Mission for Mind Control and the People Who Paid the Price" an investigative series in 5 parts unravels the shocking history of CIA-funded mind-control experiments. At least, until after Cameron left the Allan. [27] Such consequences included incontinence, amnesia, forgetting how to talk, forgetting their parents, and thinking their interrogators were their parents. Amory: Jim Turner was one of two prosecutors on the case. Ben: Camerons research could never happen today at least not lawfully. As for the ongoing lawsuits, some of the plaintiffs have actually contacted Duncan wondering if hed be willing to support their efforts. Ontario. Who hasnt talked about this in a long time. Ben: Duncan says his father was so busy that he didnt see much of him during their time in Montreal. It was reported that none of the patients sent to the Radio Telemetry Lab showed any signs of improvement. Rauh: So any documents that would show the treatment of the plaintiffs in this case were destroyed? And here I am looking much younger than I am now. His response? John Marks: The Allan Memorial Institute under Cleghorn commissioned a study of his work, which is absolutely or almost absolutely unprecedented in the psychiatric field. We hope you enjoyed reading this excerpt from this mini book on the Scottish history of the Cameron family. Stephen Kinzer: In the end, Gottlieb was forced to conclude that there's no such thing as mind control and that everything he had done had been for naught. Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. 100, Father, Son and CIA by Harvey Weinstein p. 101, Last edited on 16 February 2023, at 19:10, "Society of Biological Psychiatry 65th Annual Meeting Program Book (p. 14)", "World Psychiatric Association Chronology", "Current Comment: Psychiatric Examination of Rudolf Hess", The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": The CIA and Mind Control, "Doctor Looked After the Sick, And Looked Around for the CIA", "A History of Secret CIA Mind Control Research", "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron", Stunning tale of brainwashing, the CIA and an unsuspecting Scots researcher, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Ewen_Cameron&oldid=1139756014, A passive man who "is afraid to say what he really thinks" and "will stand anything, and stands for nothing". He never got one. 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